Introduction & Basic Principles
Introduction
In the Hot Zone, as well as in the Warm Zone, all person and objects are (possibly) effected by HNS. One has to assume that the surfaces of these persons (e.g. skin, hairs, clothing) and these objects are contaminated, if the cleanness is not certainly assured via measurement. Usually rescue units can assure this in case of incidents with radioactive materials only. In other incidents with HNS present most often the only option is the precautionary removal or reduction of the (possible) contamination. This is called decontamination. In context of decontamination, the personal protective equipment (PPE) is taken off as well, without further spreading of contamination.
As a conclusion, decontamination has to be conducted during every single incident with HNS involved.
Usually one differs between
- decontamination of rescue personnel,
- decontamination of unprotected or injured persons (casualties) and
- decontamination of objects (e.g. equipment, vessels).
The following basic principles apply accordingly to all types of decontamination.
Basic Principles
The contamination with HNS does not affect the contaminated person / object only, but also the personnel conducting the decontamination. Therefore, they have to wear appropriate PPE as well.
The decontamination of persons, whether they are injured or not, precedes the decontamination of objects. In case of injured persons life saving is top priority.
If the contamination consists of chemical agents, biological agents and radioactive / nuclear material, it should be removed in the following order:
- biological agent (apply disinfectant)
- chemical agent (remove any chemicals)
- radioactive / nuclear material (measurement with radiometer).
The decontamination has to be conducted thoroughly. Prevent incorporation, especially when removing eye and airway protection. Furthermore avoid spreading of contamination, e.g. by bringing HNS into “clean” areas or squirting of decontamination fluids.